DNA ANALYSIS AS A TOOL FOR ESTABLISHING TRUTH IN WARFARE: A FORENSIC APPROACH

Abstract

The article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of the application of DNA analysis in forensics, in particular in the context of military operations using the example of Ukraine. The evolution of the development of molecular genetic research methods based on the study of the unique human genetic code and the main technologies of forensic DNA analysis are described, including the analysis of short tandem repeats (STR), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). The historical context of the development of the field is reviewed, in particular the contribution of Ukrainian scientists and researchers, as well as the analysis of the introduction of DNA analysis into Ukrainian forensic examination since the early 1990s.

Particular attention is paid to the practical application of DNA analysis for the identification of bodies of deceased servicemen and civilians, the recording of war crimes, in particular sexual violence, as well as providing an evidentiary base for national and international investigations. The article examines the regulatory framework, organizational mechanisms for body retrieval, and challenges that arise during molecular genetic examinations in combat conditions.

The article emphasizes the importance of mobile DNA laboratories that facilitate the rapid identification of victims in frontline areas, and provides examples of international support for these initiatives. It also analyzes the issues of preservation and transportation of samples, ethical issues related to the use of genetic information, and the prospects for the development of the industry in the context of modern challenges.

The conclusions emphasize that DNA analysis is not only a high-tech tool of forensics, but also a key element in restoring the truth of war, protecting human rights, documenting crimes, and ensuring justice at the individual and societal levels.