POLITICAL AND LEGAL MODELS OF CONDUCTING PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS IN MODERN UKRAINE

Abstract

The article examines the political and legal principles of organizing presidential elections in Ukraine under martial law and after the end of hostilities. The author analyzes the norms of the Constitution of Ukraine, the legislation on elections, the practice of the Central Election Commission, as well as international standards that determine the permissible limits of restrictions on electoral rights in crisis circumstances. Particular attention is paid to ensuring the continuity of power, preserving democratic legitimacy and legal guarantees for the exercise of electoral rights during the period of armed aggression.

The key security, information and social challenges that affect the possibility of holding elections are considered: the risks of disinformation, the problems of participation of internally displaced persons, military personnel and citizens abroad. The prospects for introducing digital technologies into the electoral process are assessed, in particular the use of electronic services and the potential application of the E-voting system. The author emphasizes that digitalization can increase the accessibility of elections, but at the same time it generates new cyber threats and requires improved legal regulation.

The article proposes three basic models of holding elections after the war - traditional, hybrid and innovative, with an argumentation of their advantages and risks. It is concluded that the optimal approach for Ukraine may be a combined model that combines traditional voting with elements of electronic expression of will and international monitoring. The holding of presidential elections after the war is considered a key stage in the restoration of democratic institutions, state legitimacy, and political subjectivity of Ukraine.