CRIMINOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ACCOMPLICE TO AN AGGRESSOR STATE

Abstract

The article is devoted to the criminological analysis of persons who commit aiding and abetting the aggressor state, provided for by Art. 111-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The formulation of the problem is due to the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, which has created serious challenges for national security. One of the most threatening manifestations of internal destabilization is the activities of socially adapted persons who, while not being classic subjects of state treason, provide material, resource, informational or propaganda support to the aggressor state. The introduction of Art. 111-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine in April 2022 eliminated the legislative gap, however, the criminological study of this category of persons is only gaining relevance.

The paper analyzes the socio-demographic, socio-role, moral-psychological and criminal-legal characteristics of persons who are accomplices to the aggressor state. Socio-demographic characteristics include age, education, professional activity, social status and place of residence, which allows to identify groups at increased risk. Socio-role characteristics include position in society, access to resources and information, professional and official function, which is potentially used to assist the aggressor. The moral and psychological sphere is determined by the priority of personal benefit or security over state interests, a high level of adaptability to external changes, a tendency to manipulation and moral justification of illegal actions. Criminal-legal characteristics include the presence of direct intent, a special goal of supporting the aggressor and specific forms of aiding and abetting. Based on the analysis, a typology of abettors was identified, which includes ideological, materially motivated, passive conformist, professional-role and combined categories. Such a classification allows to predict the behavior of individuals, assess the level of social danger and improve preventive measures. The results of the study emphasize the need to form a holistic criminological portrait of individuals who commit aiding and abetting the aggressor state, which will contribute to more effective law enforcement and an increase in the level of national security.

The proposed approach to criminological analysis combines systemic and comprehensive methods, which allows integrating social, psychological and legal characteristics to predict criminal behavior, improve prevention measures and develop methodological recommendations.