Propaganda, Diversification of Public Opinion, Psychological Pressure and Spread of Rumors as Methods of Conducting Special Information Operations of the Russia Against Ukraine

Abstract

The article reveals the peculiarities of the use of propaganda, diversification of public opinion, psychological pressure, and the spread of rumors by the Russian Federation to the detriment of the interests of Ukraine for conducting special information operations. It is noted that special information operations are carried out according to approximately the same algorithm: information stage; "unwinding" the information drive; implementation of measures to achieve the goals of the operation; the exit from the operation or the fixation phase. Special information operations are a set of measures of an informational and psychological nature, carried out according to a single plan with the aim of disrupting the system of state and military administration, influencing the moral and psychological state of the military and political leadership, the population and personnel of the troops of a specified object, preventing informational and psychological impact on own forces and means.

Concepts closely related by special information operations are defined. An analysis of the main methods of special information operations was carried out: disinformation, propaganda, diversification of public opinion, psychological pressure, spreading rumors. Definitions and forms of four methods of special information operations are disclosed. Positive and negative propaganda is characterized and their purpose is defined.

Examples of the use of propaganda, diversification of public opinion, psychological pressure, and the spread of rumors by the Russian Federation against Ukraine are given.

1. In the information war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, all methods of special information operations are actively used. The Russian Federation's propaganda, psychological pressure, diversification of public opinion, spreading of rumors on the territory of Ukraine turned out to be ineffective, which in a certain way affected defeats on the military front.