EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE IN THE LEGAL REGULATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN UKRAINE

Abstract

The article analyzes the process of development and regulatory issues of artificial intelligence in Ukraine.

We examine the regulation of artificial intelligence (AI) in Ukraine. As a candidate country for accession to the European Union, Ukraine aligns with European approaches to regulating the digital sphere, including artificial intelligence. Although there is no specific law on AI in Ukraine yet, a number of steps have been taken in recent years to shape policies for the development and use of AI technologies.

The aim of the scientific article is to monitor artificial intelligence systems already present on the market, assess the degree of human involvement in managing AI-based tools, and conduct a comprehensive study of the concept adapted to Ukrainian legislation in order to identify problems and formulate proposals for overcoming them. Given the absence of specialized legislation in this area in Ukraine, it is important to study international experience and apply it in the development of domestic legislation. Special attention is paid to the approved Concept for the Development of AI in Ukraine, particularly its regulatory component and international legal acts related to AI. In addition, the Artificial Intelligence Act – a draft law approved by the European Parliament -was analyzed. It is aimed at defining fundamental principles and rules governing the development and use of AI in the European Union.

Methods. Based on international experience, recommendations for Ukraine are proposed, taking into account the peculiarities of the Ukrainian legal system. The comparative legal method was applied to analyze international experience in AI regulation and the possibilities of its adaptation to Ukrainian legislation. The normative legal method helps assess the current legislation of Ukraine regarding AI.

Results. The analysis of European and international experience indicates that it is advisable for Ukraine to adopt a risk-based approach similar to the EU AI Act. An important step in shaping state policy in the field of artificial intelligence was the approval of the Concept for the Development of Artificial Intelligence in Ukraine by the Order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated December 2, 2020, No. 1556-r. The study also examines the potential benefits of alignment with the AI Act for Ukraine, key challenges and risks, and the specifics of AI use in the military sphere.

Conclusions. Ukraine needs to develop a comprehensive legislative framework for AI regulation to ensure accountability, ethical use, and transparency. The integration of international best practices will contribute to enhancing Ukraine’s legal readiness for AI implementation. Further research should focus on developing legislative proposals for AI regulation and assessing its impact on legal practice in Ukraine.