IMPACT OF CYBER THREATS ON NATIONAL SECURITY OF THE STATE

Abstract

The article examines the transformation of cyber threats in 2022–2024 and their impact on the national security of Ukraine in the context of full-scale hybrid aggression. The theoretical and legal principles of analyzing cyber threats are revealed, their key types and subjects of origin are identified, and the features of technical, information-psychological and mixed attacks are outlined. It is shown that cyber attacks against energy, transport and government infrastructure are systemic in nature, create persistent risks for the functioning of state institutions and require a high level of coordination between security actors. Information operations aimed at undermining public trust, manipulating public sentiment and weakening political stability are analyzed. It is emphasized that cyber threats have a powerful economic and defense effect, as they are capable of disrupting critical processes, communications and logistics chains.

Special attention is paid to the current countermeasure strategies, in particular the regulatory framework, the activities of the State Cybersecurity and Information Security Service, CERT-UA, the National Cybersecurity Center and law enforcement agencies, as well as the practice of international cooperation of Ukraine with the EU and NATO. It is proved that despite the established institutional infrastructure, the issue of harmonizing legislation with the NIS2 Directive, strengthening industry SOC / CSIRT centers and improving mechanisms for exchanging cyber information remains relevant. The prospects of innovative solutions are emphasized, in particular the use of artificial intelligence, automated response systems and national cyber training grounds. It is concluded that increasing the cyber resilience of the state requires a comprehensive combination of legal, organizational and technological measures along with the development of a culture of cyber hygiene. It is concluded that innovative technologies and automated response systems should significantly increase the effectiveness of countering cyber threats. Attention is focused on the fact that the effectiveness of these measures depends significantly on the coordination of actions of all entities ensuring the national security of the state.