HISTORICAL AND LEGAL REASONS FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE SOCIAL VALUE OF A WOMAN IN UKRAINE IN THE MEDIEVAL AGE

Abstract

It is revealed that during the period of the Medieval State (for Ukraine - the period of the Lithuanian-Russian State and the Commonwealth), there was an evolution of philosophical and legal concepts of the social value of women, in particular, there is a combination of anthropocentric, humanistic and axiological elements in understanding their purpose and the results of their activities. The Renaissance period is associated with the spread of humanist ideas in the philosophical and cultural spheres, which affirmed the human right to happiness, self-expression, and the development of sciences free from religious restrictions, and within which the concept of man as the highest value, the creator of his own destiny, was formed. It is explained that the geological basis for the spread of anthropocentric views in Ukraine in the Renaissance and humanistic form was the tradition that gradually developed in Western Europe and spread through Poland. At the same time, the philosophical and legal thought of Kyivan Rus had a significant impact. In particular, since the period of Kievan Rus, the philosophical and legal tradition has paid attention to the problems of man, his self- knowledge, understanding of his essence, the purpose of life, the problems of freedom of choice, individual and personal in man. It is proved that during the fifteenth - first half of the seventeenth century, compared to the period of Kievan Rus, the specific historical situation changed significantly, which influenced a different understanding of the social value of women: feudal relations were formed and the estates inherent in feudalism were formed; various oppressions, the presence of the hostile Steppe caused the emergence of the Zaporozhian Cossacks; the State was relatively centralized throughout the period; Catholicism and Polonization were expanding. It is revealed that one of the elements of the historical specificity of the existence of Ukrainian society during the period of the Medieval State is the constant expansion of the Catholic, and after the Union of Brest in 1596 – the Greek Catholic religion in the Ukrainian lands. It was a period of constant struggle for the Orthodox Church to preserve its rights. This course of events also left its mark on the emergence of a rather important area of activity, primarily by Ukrainian women nobles who remained patriots: the defense of the Orthodox Church, its support and care, financial assistance, popularization of the Orthodox religion, and the creation of new centers of Orthodoxy, in which, among other things, the Ukrainian language and culture were to be preserved and developed.