Some Aspects of the Development of New Methods in Criminology

Abstract

This article states that given that criminology is a separate field of knowledge, and its own methods for the general classification of methods of cognition can be defined as separate scientific. At the same time, attention is drawn to the fact that in the classification of methods of criminology it is desirable to define them as special, thus emphasizing the uniqueness of these cognitive tools in the field of forensic research. Among the general scientific methods, which certainly permeate all areas of forensic research, especially those that form the basis for the formation of new, modern cognitive approaches. We are talking primarily about formalization, systemic, structural and functional and probabilistic statistical methods.

Emphasis is placed on the fact that forensic methods are created and substantiated by the theory of forensics or borrowed and transformed by it specifically for the study of forensic objects. These include a variety of forensic photography, trasological, forensic ballistic and other methods. For example, in the field of forensic photography, methods of signaling (recognition), measuring, panoramic, stereoscopic, microscopic, large-scale and other types of photography, methods of photographic enhancement of color contrasts, methods of detecting texts that cannot be read.

It has been studied that in criminology there should be a system of scientific provisions, united in criminological theory, which ensure the transition from the system of scientific knowledge and their implementation in practice in order to optimize the process of implementation of forensic recommendations. It is seen that such a theory can be called forensic innovation, its object is a special type of activity - innovative forensic activity, and the subject is the specific patterns of this activity. Forensic innovation, as an independent object of forensic research, has a security (service) in relation to the activities of the investigation of criminal offenses. Forensic innovation is a separate field of scientific knowledge and is closely related to social and legal innovation. Forensic scientists believe that there is a need to develop forensic innovation as a separate forensic theory.